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عمومی::
مقام رسمی
obey your orders, despite your formal authority over them.
Source of power Formal authority
The people most likely to make a new manager's life miserable are those who don't fall under her formal authority: outside suppliers, for example, or managers in another division.
formal authority that comes with their now lofty-well, relatively speaking-position in the hierarchy.
After a few painful experiences, new managers come to the un- settling realization that the source of their power is, according to one, "everything but" formal authority.
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